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Reports

22 October 2026 - Drivers of airfares and impacts on consumer outcomes
21 August 2026 - Estimating the cost of capital: recommendations for UKRN regulatory guidance
20 April 2026 - Bridging the water investment gap: a framework for delivering the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6
26 February 2026 - Ready for take-off: the economic case for reducing aviation costs in Canada
20 February 2026 - Short-term rentals and public policy intervention in the EU
14 November 2025 - Driving demand for low-carbon commodities: a market-based approach
27 October 2025 - Roundtable discussion on the future of the electronic communications and digital infrastructure regulatory framework
20 October 2025 - The design and functioning of CSD services in the EU
20 October 2025 - Evaluating offshored industries and emissions
14 October 2025 - Oxera’s response to the public consultation on the Draft Guidelines on the Foreign Subsidies Regulation
22 August 2025 - AI, competition, and regulation: navigating the challenges ahead
05 August 2025 - Bulk purchase annuity market
28 July 2025 - The role of the private sector in climate adaptation
13 June 2025 - The economic impacts of Digital Product Passports in the EU
23 April 2025 - A sustainable and investable regulatory framework for the England and Wales water sector
23 April 2025 - A new approach to performance and supervision in the England and Wales water sector
13 March 2025 - Determining business rates for airports
03 February 2025 - The benefits of hardware interoperability
12 November 2024 - The economic cost of extreme weather events
01 November 2024 - Oxera’s response to the public consultation on the Article 102 draft guidelines
08 October 2024 - Economic analysis of the profitability of regional airports
07 October 2024 - The functioning of equity trading markets in the UK
29 August 2024 - Investability at PR24
01 July 2024 - Wholesale physical and virtual infrastructure access in Malta – assessment of MCA’s market analysis
06 June 2024 - The impact of Biomedical Scientists on the bowel cancer patient pathway
31 October 2023 - The economic cost of health inequalities in England
23 October 2023 - The economic opportunities of open foundation models for Europe
04 July 2023 - Electricity market design reform: retail markets
04 July 2023 - Electricity market design reform—schemes for low-carbon generation
04 July 2023 - The (unmet) potential of Open Banking
05 May 2023 - AI at work: benefits for the labour market
20 March 2023 - ​​​The impact of the PRA’s proposals for implementing Basel 3.1 standards in the UK​
10 February 2023 - An analysis of the EU governance framework for corporate reporting
19 January 2023 - Instant payments: an economic assessment of regulatory initiatives proposed by the European Commission
17 January 2023 - The economic cost of ill health among the working-age population
13 December 2022 - The European gas market
07 December 2022 - Data Act proposals: potentially adverse effects on consumers and innovation in the EU
08 September 2022 - RFR methodology for PR24
15 July 2022 - The value for money for a temporary reinstatement of EGNOS
14 July 2022 - What’s the data on market data?
08 June 2022 - Assessment of the impact of the Fit for 55 policies on airports
06 April 2022 - Short-haul flying and sustainable connectivity
30 March 2022 - Market design for negative emissions in the UK ETS
11 March 2022 - A study of the effectiveness of travel restrictions in the EEA
14 February 2022 - Carbon trading in the European Union
27 January 2022 - Corporate purpose: implications for Italian utilities
20 January 2022 - A framework for considering the impact of air travel restrictions on the UK
12 January 2022 - How can the rolling stock supply chain create greater value for the UK?
10 January 2022 - A review of amendments to the DMA by Parliament and the Council
05 January 2022 - Impact of travel restrictions on Omicron in the UK
04 November 2021 - How can IPOs be facilitated for start-ups in Germany?
26 October 2021 - What impact does the social security system have on under 25s who are claiming Universal Credit?
18 October 2021 - Gender differences in surveys for market definition and merger analysis
30 September 2021 - Assessment of proposals for an SMS merger regime
13 September 2021 - A fare price for net zero aviation?
01 September 2021 - How Facebook benefits the creative industries
26 August 2021 - Allowed cost of equity for German energy networks
29 July 2021 - Improving UK financial regulation post-Brexit
23 July 2021 - Summary: ‘Decarbonising Transport: A Better, Greener Britain’
01 June 2021 - The landscape for European equity trading and liquidity
20 May 2021 - Economic impact of Gatwick Airport
20 May 2021 - The Digital Markets Act and incentives to innovate
12 May 2021 - How platforms create value for their users: implications for the Digital Markets Act
02 April 2021 - Effectiveness of testing for COVID-19: evidence from airline trials at Heathrow Airport
31 March 2021 - Impact of vaccination on risk of international air travel
30 March 2021 - Assessment of the effectiveness of rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2
29 March 2021 - An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different Net Zero targets in Jersey
29 March 2021 - Effectiveness of dual-testing schemes for air passengers
30 November 2020 - Luxembourg Rail Protocol to save United Kingdom between £4.8 and £5.2bn
30 November 2020 - What’s new in the 2020 update to the Green Book?
26 November 2020 - The impact of the Digital Markets Act on innovation
20 November 2020 - Sharing of data in public transport
17 November 2020 - The impact of including AV in the EU Geoblocking Regulation
16 November 2020 - Primary and secondary equity markets in the EU
11 November 2020 - Modelling the effectiveness of airport testing regimes
03 November 2020 - Review of case studies of effectiveness of testing schemes
30 October 2020 - The value of cyber insurance to the UK economy
27 October 2020 - The impact of the Digital Services Act on business users
22 October 2020 - Review of evidence on testing on arrival schemes
30 September 2020 - Two-sided market definition: some common misunderstandings
04 September 2020 - Asset risk premium relative to debt risk premium
21 August 2020 - Are sovereign yields the risk-free rate for the CAPM?
19 May 2020 - Oxera to estimate the direct microeconomic benefits of the Luxembourg Rail Protocol for African countries
10 March 2020 - The competitive landscape for payments: a European perspective
11 February 2020 - Oxera and TenneT complete landmark study on smarter incentives for TSOs
11 February 2020 - Oxera’s advice on the regulation of district heating pricing taken up by Dutch government
16 December 2019 - The cost of equity for RIIO-2 – Q4 2019 update
07 November 2019 - Gigabit broadband: what does it mean for consumers and society?
01 October 2019 - NGESO financial price control parameters for RIIO-2
13 September 2019 - The impact at a local level of investments in Very High Capacity Networks
26 July 2019 - PR19 draft determinations: Key movements
26 June 2019 - Oxera study on the supply of generic medicines in the UK
26 April 2019 - Ofgem’s Targeted Charging Review Impact Assessment
25 March 2019 - Risk premium on assets relative to debt
21 March 2019 - The design of equity trading markets in Europe
30 January 2019 - Market power assessments in the European airports sector
04 December 2018 - Future mobile connectivity in Ireland
21 November 2018 - EU’s P2B regulation: potential unintended consequences
11 October 2018 - Android in Europe: benefits to consumers and businesses
02 October 2018 - Data in digital markets
02 October 2018 - Market power in digital platforms
02 October 2018 - Algorithmic competition
01 October 2018 - Tackling air pollution and congestion in London
06 July 2018 - Luxembourg Rail Protocol to save South Africa €1.3bn
25 June 2018 - New rail treaty will save ‘1520 states’ €14bn
15 June 2018 - Creating a flexible framework for energy regulation
23 March 2018 - Choices for retirement income products and financial advice
07 March 2018 - The cost of equity for RIIO-2
21 February 2018 - New rail treaty will save Europe over €19bn
09 February 2018 - Small number, large effect: the productivity factor for gas networks in Germany
05 February 2018 - House of Lords EU Committee’s report on Brexit: competition and State aid
12 January 2018 - Regulating oligopolies in electronic communications markets – supplementary discussion paper
16 October 2017 - Paying more for less…
26 September 2017 - The continuing development of airport competition in Europe
01 September 2017 - Regulating oligopolies in electronic communications markets
01 September 2017 - Raising the minimum wage: economic and fiscal impacts
31 July 2017 - How the Bus Services Act can improve air quality and reduce congestion
29 July 2017 - Brexit: the implications for UK ports
12 July 2017 - Identifying metrics to aid consumer choice
12 July 2017 - Social mobility and economic success
04 July 2017 - CMA Energy Market Investigation—critique of CMA consumer detriment analysis
21 June 2017 - Impacts of leaving the EU on the UK’s screen sector
19 June 2017 - When algorithms set prices—winners and losers
05 June 2017 - Liberty Global’s investment in Europe: Oxera’s findings
27 April 2017 - Brexit: Oxera’s work
09 February 2017 - Ofwat’s consultation on its approach to competition law in England and Wales: Oxera responds
09 February 2017 - Energy and Utilities Workforce renewal and skills strategy:2020
13 January 2017 - Oxera provide expert evidence to First Gas
13 January 2017 - Small number, large effect: the productivity factor for energy networks in Germany
13 January 2017 - Oxera response to the Brexit Competition Law Working Group
09 October 2016 - Brexit: potential implications for the water sector in England and Wales
08 October 2016 - The economics of peer to peer lending
25 July 2016 - The contribution of asset management to the UK economy
14 July 2016 - Increasing consumer engagement in the annuities market: can prompts raise shopping around?
08 July 2016 - Behavioural insights into Australian retail energy markets
17 June 2016 - Brexit: implications for the transport sector
17 June 2016 - Brexit: implications for state aid rules
15 June 2016 - Critique of CMA direct benchmarking analysis
14 June 2016 - Brexit: what do prediction markets tell us about its likelihood?
10 June 2016 - Brexit: implications for the GB electricity market
03 June 2016 - Brexit: implications for competition enforcement in the UK? An economic review
16 May 2016 - Evaluation of the Competition Commission’s BAA airports market investigation
15 May 2016 - The impact of cross-border access to audiovisual content on EU consumers
13 May 2016 - Crowdfunding from an investor perspective
28 April 2016 - Competition and innovation in payments: An analysis of market functioning and innovation
27 April 2016 - Governance and ownership of payments systems infrastructure
18 April 2016 - Indexation of future price controls in the water sector
16 March 2016 - Oxera’s assessment of the economic contribution of the rail industry in Scotland
04 January 2016 - Impact assessment of the CMA’s options for increasing on-rail competition
17 November 2015 - A review of the Jersey regulatory and competition framework
17 November 2015 - UK productivity and the diffusion machine
28 October 2015 - What are the benefits of online platforms?
20 October 2015 - Gatwick expansion best for economy as Airports Commission’s mistakes are exposed
15 October 2015 - Peer review of First Interim Evaluation of High Speed 1
21 September 2015 - What is the contribution of rail to the UK economy?
04 September 2015 - On behalf of the DfT, Oxera examines the international competitiveness of the UK maritime sector
07 July 2015 - Oxera advises The New Zealand Commerce Commission on cost of capital
07 July 2015 - Oxera advises on access pricing options for the water sector
02 July 2015 - Estimating the cost of capital for Italian electricity and gas networks
26 June 2015 - Smarter Consumer Communications
03 June 2015 - Preparing companies for the retail water market
11 May 2015 - Digital Single Market strategy: first impressions
30 March 2015 - Response to CMA consultation document: guidance on the CMA’s approval of voluntary redress scheme
25 February 2015 - How are Internet start-ups affected by liability for user content?
13 February 2015 - Economic effects of Virgin Media’s investment in network expansion
20 January 2015 - Regulating remuneration systems: effective distribution of financial products
11 December 2014 - The retirement income market: comparative international research
08 December 2014 - Could trains overtake planes? Exploring the future of the passenger aviation industry
21 November 2014 - 2014: a regulation odyssey
05 September 2014 - Reasonable commercial terms for market data services
27 June 2014 - Input methodologies
26 June 2014 - Review of the beta and gearing for UCLL and UBA services
25 June 2014 - Global cost benchmarking of cash equity clearing and settlement services
20 May 2014 - What is the forecast difference between RPI and CPI?
09 May 2014 - What could be the economic impact of the proposed financial transaction tax?
31 March 2014 - Non-household retail competition
28 February 2014 - Pricing of market data services: an economic analysis
21 February 2014 - Modernising state aid through better evaluation
06 February 2014 - The role of in-house solicitors
22 January 2014 - Does the universal service obligation represent an unfair burden for eircom?
17 January 2014 - What is the right discount rate for an ALF?
10 January 2014 - Should the equity market return methodology be changed for RIIO price controls?
06 December 2013 - Assessment of draft Contracts-for-Difference strike prices and contract terms
30 October 2013 - Study on the position of savers in private pension products
29 October 2013 - Impact of Centrepoint’s intervention for homeless young people
19 September 2013 - Price control principles for current generation wholesale broadband products
28 August 2013 - The Oxera Trading and Post-trading Monitor
13 June 2013 - Behavioural economics and its impact on competition policy
27 May 2013 - Recommendations on cost assessment approaches for RIIO-ED1
27 May 2013 - Assessment of WIK’s calculation of intangible benefits
21 May 2013 - The Thatcher privatisation legacy: not quite what she planned?
21 May 2013 - Review of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme
18 May 2013 - Analysis of European Commission staff working document on the proposed Financial Transaction Tax
09 May 2013 - Regulatory regimes at airports: an international comparison
21 April 2013 - Alternative Ways of Financing Infrastructure Investment: Potential for ‘Novel’ Financing Models
16 April 2013 - Why the use of age and disability matters to consumers and insurers
13 March 2013 - Outlook for onshore wind
19 February 2013 - A shared fibre access model in UK towns and cities: feasibility and implications
12 February 2013 - eircom’s next generation access products: pricing principles and methodologies
12 February 2013 - Conceptual framework for the assessment of eircom’s bundles: adjustments to the net revenue test
30 January 2013 - What is the economic impact of Geo services?
24 January 2013 - Would a new hub airport be commercially viable?
21 January 2013 - Review of the regulatory framework for water services in Italy
14 December 2012 - Review of the regulatory framework for the electricity sector in the Turks and Caicos Islands
06 September 2012 - Disincentivising overbidding for toll road concessions
03 September 2012 - What is the economic impact of the MiFID rules aimed at regulating high-frequency trading?
23 July 2012 - Response to the consultation on private actions in competition law
10 July 2012 - Spectrum trading issues: a framework for competition assessments
31 May 2012 - Introducing competition into the capital market in Brazil? A cost–benefit analysis
11 April 2012 - Eircom’s next-generation access products: pricing principles and methodologies
04 April 2012 - Revisiting the elasticity-based framework
14 February 2012 - Regulatory ‘financial tramlines’ for Scottish Water
10 February 2012 - Buyer power and its role in regulated transport sectors
01 February 2012 - Study on the impact of the introduction of secondary trading at community airports
10 January 2012 - What would be the economic impact of the proposed financial transaction tax on the EU?
09 December 2011 - Techniques for defining markets for private healthcare in the UK: literature review
07 December 2011 - The impact of a ban on the use of gender
30 November 2011 - Understanding the theory of international connectivity
24 November 2011 - How a co-investment model could boost investments in NGA networks
27 September 2011 - A framework to monitor the legal services sector
05 July 2011 - Banding scenarios: impacts on onshore wind deployment
20 June 2011 - Review of the government’s High Speed Rail programme
11 May 2011 - Is there a case for copyright levies?
08 May 2011 - Discount rates for low-carbon and renewable generation technologies
02 May 2011 - Monitoring prices, costs and volumes of trading and post-trading services
31 March 2011 - Understanding customer preferences for airport access: implications for forecasting
24 March 2011 - Assessing state support to the UK banking sector
17 November 2010 - Principles and priorities for transmission charging reform
04 November 2010 - An assessment of the FSA’s proposed rules for mortgages
29 September 2010 - The economic benefits of retailer own-brands
29 September 2010 - Review of rail cross-industry interfaces, incentives, and structures
07 September 2010 - Recommendations on how to model efficiency for future price reviews
22 July 2010 - What is the impact of financeability on the cost of capital and gearing capacity?
06 July 2010 - Impact of mortgage lending reforms
02 May 2010 - Costs of securities trading and post-trading—UK equities
14 April 2010 - Bristol Water’s efficiency
18 February 2010 - BSkyB’s profitability in the context of the Ofcom market investigation: second report
19 January 2010 - An economic assessment of BIS’s proposals for credit card regulation
19 January 2010 - Quantifying antitrust damages: Towards non-binding guidance for courts
01 December 2009 - What are the benefits of the FIX Protocol? Standardising messaging protocols in the capital markets
03 November 2009 - What is the contribution of aviation to the UK economy?
23 September 2009 - What is the impact of changes to the co-firing cap?
04 August 2009 - Subsidising buses: how to get the best from taxpayers’ money
15 July 2009 - Ernst & Young’s market study on family advocacy: a review by Oxera
28 June 2009 - The use of age-based practices in the provision of financial services
24 June 2009 - Marketing costs for personal injury claims: evidence of market failure
18 June 2009 - Retail Distribution Review proposals: impact on market structure and competition
18 June 2009 - BSkyB’s profitability in the context of the Ofcom market investigation
06 April 2009 - The impact of the new regime for use of dealing commission: post-implementation review
27 March 2009 - Network Rail’s scope for frontier shift in enhancements
29 September 2008 - Towards evaluating consumer outcomes in the retail investment products market: a methodology
25 June 2008 - Building efficiencies in post-trade processing: the benefits of same-day affirmation
20 May 2008 - Reimbursing bus operators: analysis of the Department for Transport’s guidance
15 April 2008 - Network Rail’s scope for efficiency gains in CP4
31 March 2008 - Should DTe adjust expected productivity growth for catch-up effects when setting the X-factor?
30 January 2008 - Energy market competition in the EU and G7, Forward projections 2007 to 2011
30 January 2008 - Energy market competition in the EU and G7, Preliminary 2006 rankings
30 January 2008 - Energy market competition in the EU and G7, Final 2005 rankings
23 January 2008 - Defined-contribution pension schemes
08 January 2008 - Insurance guarantee schemes in the EU
04 January 2008 - Bundling and retail-minus regulation: Developing an imputation test
23 October 2007 - Ownership rules of audit firms and their consequences for audit market concentration
17 October 2007 - Assessing approaches to expenditure and incentives
27 August 2007 - Tax-advantaged employee share schemes: analysis of productivity effects
21 August 2007 - The effect of cross-border investment restrictions on certain pension schemes
30 July 2007 - Methodology for monitoring prices, costs and volumes of trading and post-trading activities
19 July 2007 - Possible sale of Jersey Telecom: additional analysis
01 July 2007 - Assessment of the benefits of the FSA suitability letter
12 June 2007 - Reform of the Renewables Obligation: What is the likely impact of changes?
20 May 2007 - An assessment of the potential measures to improve gas security of supply
14 May 2007 - Research on countervailing buyer power for mobile call termination: the Dutch case
01 May 2007 - Stamp duty: its impact and the benefits of its abolition
29 April 2007 - What is the impact of the proposed Consumer Credit Directive?
19 March 2007 - Funding the Financial Services Compensation Scheme: Analysis of policy options
12 February 2007 - Funding universal service obligations in the postal sector
15 December 2006 - The price of banking: an international comparison
30 October 2006 - Current trends in asset management
22 October 2006 - How to evaluate alternative proposals for Personal Account pensions
22 October 2006 - Soft commissions and bundled brokerage services: post-implementation review
30 July 2006 - Role of incentives in the GB rail industry
30 June 2006 - EU sector inquiry into payment cards: a comment on the European Commission’s profitability analysis
28 June 2006 - The cost of capital: an international comparison
27 June 2006 - A framework for assessing the benefits of financial regulation
21 May 2006 - Share prices and trading activity over the corporate action processing cycle
07 May 2006 - Near real-time information release
29 April 2006 - The London markets and private equity-backed IPOs
26 April 2006 - UK mortgage underwriting
11 April 2006 - Testing for financeability: an assessment
11 April 2006 - Competition and choice in the UK audit market
21 March 2006 - Funding the Financial Services Compensation Scheme
20 March 2006 - Sale of gas networks by National Grid
14 February 2006 - Special rights of public authorities in privatised EU companies: the microeconomic impact
23 January 2006 - Policies for energy efficiency in the UK household sector
20 December 2005 - Assessing Network Rail’s scope for efficiency gains
22 November 2005 - Energy market competition in the EU and G7: preliminary 2004 rankings
21 November 2005 - Water Framework Directive—economic analysis of water industry costs
02 November 2005 - Potential competition problems in voice-over-broadband services
15 September 2005 - ROC eligibility for low-cost renewable generation technologies
07 September 2005 - Investor compensation in the EU
29 June 2005 - How should the ex post evaluation of trunk road schemes be enhanced?
29 June 2005 - What is the impact of a minimum price rule?
31 May 2005 - What are the costs and benefits of near real-time gas information?
18 May 2005 - The future of UK asset management
29 January 2005 - What is the potential for commercially viable renewable generation technologies?
15 January 2005 - Renewables support policies in selected countries
27 November 2004 - Competition review of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000
26 October 2004 - Costs and benefits of market regulators
19 September 2004 - Energy market competition in Europe and the G7
19 August 2004 - Security of supply, energy investment requirements and cost implications
31 July 2004 - A strategic and economic overview of municipal waste management
30 June 2004 - CO2 emissions trading: how will it affect UK industry?
20 May 2004 - What are the implications of different agency options for the sale of distribution networks?
30 April 2004 - Corporate action processing: what are the risks?
19 April 2004 - Rail and bus consumer survey analysis
31 March 2004 - Are UK households over-indebted?
20 March 2004 - Regulatory Impact Assessment of proposed changes to the Consumer Credit Act 1974: survey results
01 January 2004 - Review of the impact of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 on competition
21 December 2003 - Cost–benefit analysis of local-loop unbundling in New Zealand
21 November 2003 - Estimating the relative efficiency of Telecom New Zealand
21 November 2003 - The cost of flexibility provision by electricity generators
20 October 2003 - Passenger rail services and economic performance
19 October 2003 - A review of PWCC’s efficiency study for Telecom New Zealand
19 September 2003 - Assessment of the economic impact of the proposed EC Consumer Credit Directive
28 August 2003 - The regulation of licensed taxi and PHV services in the UK
20 August 2003 - Water industry financial model of periodic review of pricing 2004
20 July 2003 - Assessing profitability in competition policy analysis
20 June 2003 - The impact of average zonal transmission losses applied throughout Great Britain
20 June 2003 - The interaction between environmental tax and trading systems
20 June 2003 - The non-market value of generation technologies
20 June 2003 - Interim review of Network Rail’s track access charges
20 April 2003 - Cost–benefit analysis of proposed FSA regulation of soft commissions and bundled brokerage
19 April 2003 - An assessment of soft commission arrangements and bundled brokerage services in the UK
21 December 2002 - A social time preference for use in long-term discounting
21 December 2002 - Interoperability and horizontal markets in European digital television
21 November 2002 - The role of custody in European asset management
20 October 2002 - The Capital Structure of Water Companies
20 May 2002 - Clearing the air: public transport and cleaner vehicles
21 February 2002 - Regional renewable energy assessments
20 August 2001 - Flood defence spending review
20 July 2001 - Fundamental review of the generic drugs industry
20 June 2001 - Impact of stamp duty on the real economy
21 January 2001 - Risks and regulation in European asset management: is there a role for capital requirements?
21 January 2001 - External efficiency review of utility regulators
20 October 2000 - Policy, risk and science: securing and using scientific advice
21 March 2000 - The wider impacts of rail and road investment