Truth or dare: leniency and the fight against cartels
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Mobile towers serve as the backbone of mobile telecoms networks, hosting radio access network equipment that enables us to receive calls, texts and to access the internet on our mobile devices. In turn, the ability of the builders of mobile towers to access land—whether that is on the ground,… Read More
Measuring and inferring anticompetitive effects from an exchange of information
In four rulings1 dated 3 November 2025, the Spanish National Court overturned the Decision of the Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) in case S/DC/67/17 Tabacos2 (‘the Decision’). These four rulings are significant because they close one of the first cases that the… Read More