Estimating the allowed return on regulatory capital is related to, but distinct from the cost of capital, as it reflects policy decisions overlaid on a technical assessment of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Our report is commissioned by Anglian Water Services Ltd, Heathrow Airport Holdings Ltd,… Read More
The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) commits the world to universal access to safely managed water and sanitation—fundamental to thriving, secure societies. A decade on, progress has been insufficient: 2.2 billion people lack safely managed drinking water, 3.4 billion lack safely managed sanitation, and only 56%… Read More
In the context of current discussions around affordability for Canadian citizens and stimulating the Canadian economy, the National Airlines Council of Canada (NACC) asked Oxera to assess the impact on the Canadian economy of taxes, fees, charges and regulations applied to the aviation sector. The study models reductions to… Read More
Short-term rental (STR) accommodation has expanded rapidly across the EU in recent years. In the debate about the impact of short-term rentals (STRs), some local authorities in the EU have introduced restrictions to address housing affordability and urban environment concerns, often with limited evidence-based analysis. However, the causal relationship between… Read More
Steel and cement are essential to the global economy, generating nearly USD 3 trillion annually, yet they account for around 16% of global CO₂ emissions. Decarbonising these sectors is therefore critical to any credible net-zero pathway. Emerging technologies, such as hydrogen-based steelmaking, clinker substitution, and carbon capture, exist,… Read More
On Thursday 23 October, in Brussels, Oxera hosted a roundtable discussion entitled ‘The new electronic communications and digital infrastructure regulatory framework: what does the economic evidence say?’. The discussion took place in the context of an increasing focus on the need for change in how the sector is… Read More
There is growing attention from policymakers on the market structure and functioning of the EU Central Securities Depository (CSD) sector. This is an important topic with implications for EU investors, EU companies and the real economy. Much of the debate has focused on the problem of ‘fragmentation’, a… Read More
As the UK pursues its net zero target, understanding the full impact of the emissions associated with domestic consumption is key to credible climate policy. The current UK national carbon accounting framework focuses on territorial emissions, capturing emissions released within the country’s geographic boundaries. In doing so, it omits… Read More
Oxera welcomes the initiative of the European Commission (the Commission) to provide formal guidelines on the application of certain provisions of the Foreign Subsidies Regulation (the FSR Draft Guidelines). We support the objective of enhancing predictability and providing a clear analytical framework for enforcement. However, we have identified some… Read More
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general-purpose technology driving technological change at a rapid pace, reshaping industries, markets, and broader economic structures. While AI offers the prospect of significant productivity gains and economic growth, these benefits are not guaranteed and come with inherent risks and costs. Among the risks are… Read More
