The two realities of operations: how process mining could reshape regulation
There are two distinct realities operating simultaneously in all organisations: (i) the theoretical, represented by policy documents, flowcharts and training manuals; (ii)the practical, or what actually happens across systems and teams and the necessary workarounds needed when things go wrong. Process mining is a data-driven discipline designed to uncover… Read More
Oxera AI policy map – June 2026
For this fourth edition of the AI Policy Map,1 we have updated our database that tracks key national and supranational AI policy developments across the European Economic Area (EEA) and the UK. This curated collection brings together legal texts, strategy documents and other influential publications relevant to… Read More
Europe’s energy trilemma returns: security of supply, carbon markets and competitiveness in an era of geopolitical risk
Europe’s energy debate has evolved since the 2022 energy crisis, with the emphasis now on balancing decarbonisation, energy security, affordability and industrial competitiveness. Increasing geopolitical risks and high energy costs are driving renewed interest in policy interventions that affect gas infrastructure, storage mandates, joint purchasing and strategic reserves. Meanwhile,… Read More
Podcasts
How will Europe be affected by the global oil and gas supply crisis?
The conflict between the US, Israel, and Iran, which has disrupted traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, has caused major disruption in global oil and gas supplies, triggering complex economic consequences across industries and markets far beyond the energy sector. In this episode of Top of the Agenda,… Read More
Draft merger guidelines: can we ensure dynamic and innovative markets flourish in Europe?
The European Commission’s draft merger guidelines are one of the most important ongoing debates in European policy. Nearly two decades have passed since the guidelines were last reviewed, and the new draft draws upon years of practice and precedent — reassessing core concerns around market power and consumer harm… Read More
Ofgem’s RIIO-ED3 SSMD: what next for GB electricity distribution networks
On 21 May 2026, Ofgem published its Sector Specific Methodology Decision (SSMD)1 for the forthcoming RIIO-ED3 (ED3) price control for GB electricity distribution network operators (DNOs). We explore some of the key themes in the Decision, ahead of the upcoming business planning period and the expected publication… Read More
PR24 redetermination: what the CMA’s decision means for UK households and water regulation
In this special edition of Top of the Agenda, we’re diving into the UK water sector to explore the Competition and Markets Authority’s (CMA) final determinations: the PR 24 Redetermination process. In England and Wales, the amount consumers pay for their water is regulated by the Office of… Read More
Behavioural economics: how does decision-making impact business and policy?
Behavioural economics is all around us — from competition rulings, like the Google Search ruling in the US, to EU regulations targeting online dark patterns. It affects how we combat consumer manipulation, design policy, and even understand the behaviour of music fans. In this latest episode, Helen Jenkins… Read More
The reality gap: testing AI from compliance to enforcement
Companies and regulators often operate with distinct immediate objectives, e.g. profit maximisation versus consumer protection. Yet, as artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly permeates the economy, both sides face a shared challenge: navigating the opacity of complex algorithms. For companies, the primary imperative is risk management. A newly deployed algorithm… Read More
Consumer Duty board reports: what is required for the 2026 editions?
The UK Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) Consumer Duty has now been in force for over two years. For many firms, the deadline for the next iteration of their annual Consumer Duty board reports will fall later in 2026. The financial services landscape has changed significantly in… Read More