Economic analysis of traditional high street bookmakers and Internet-based betting exchanges shows that it is the lower cost base of the latter that allows punters to be offered more favourable odds than those offered by high street bookmakers. However, for larger bets, which need to be executed immediately, bookmakers may offer better odds than exchanges, since large bets on the latter can change the market clearing price.
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Matthew Johnson
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10 minute read
REPowerEU: managing energy supply and prices in the EU
The current spikes in electricity and gas prices are raising concerns at the EU and national level. To mitigate their impact, while also increasing security of supply, the European Commission has introduced a variety of measures, which have been (and are being) applied at a national level. We ask how these measures should best be implemented to ensure their success, looking in particular at the case of Italy. Read More
9 minute read
Grounded? The environmental implications of modal shift from air to rail
With growing pressure on economies to decarbonise in line with the 2015 Paris Agreement, transport—and particularly air transport—has come under increased scrutiny. Moving passengers from air to rail has been proposed as one way to decarbonise the sector. To this end, the EU and national governments have invested in high-speed rail lines and discussed restrictions on short-haul flights. But does rail always trump air from an environmental perspective? Read More