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Articles
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Depiction of Oxera AI Policy Map – January 2026

Oxera AI Policy Map – January 2026

For this third edition of the AI Policy Map,1 we have updated our database that tracks key national and supranational AI policy developments across the European Economic Area (EEA) and the UK. This curated collection brings together legal texts, strategy documents and other influential publications relevant to the… Read More

Podcasts
< 1 minute read
Depiction of What’s holding back European defence and how can governments respond?

What’s holding back European defence and how can governments respond?

Since the end of the Cold War, Europe has enjoyed a ‘peace dividend’ driven by a reduced perception of military threat. Recent developments — including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine — have fundamentally altered this landscape. Europe now faces a hostile military power on its eastern border, while questions remain over… Read More

Reports

Driving demand for low-carbon commodities: a market-based approach

Steel and cement are essential to the global economy, generating nearly USD 3 trillion annually, yet they account for around 16% of global CO₂ emissions. Decarbonising these sectors is therefore critical to any credible net-zero pathway. Emerging technologies, such as hydrogen-based steelmaking, clinker substitution, and carbon capture, exist, but commercial… Read More

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Courses

Utility regulation and finance: principles of economic regulation

Over the course of more than 40 years, Oxera has developed and run training courses to help companies, regulators, investors, policymakers and lawyers to develop their knowledge of economic regulation and understand the key building blocks of a price review. Economic regulators make decisions that shape the prices that customers… Read More

Image depicting Utility regulation and finance: principles of economic regulation