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Payment for Order Flow and a consolidated tape: the impact on retail investors
The European Commission is proposing to introduce a consolidated tape with data on fixed income and equity transactions to help retail (and institutional) investors achieve ‘best execution’. It is also proposing to ban the practice of Payment for Order Flow (PFOF). What is PFOF, and what are the pros… Read More

Bidding for a more sustainable future: carbon trading in the EU
In the context of a rapid increase in global energy and carbon prices since September 2021, questions have emerged around the functioning of the EU carbon market and the role of carbon prices in public policy. How can we assess whether the carbon market is functioning well? What does the evidence tell us, and is there a need for further policy intervention? Read More