The European Union’s new Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) requires nearly all products sold in the single market to include a Digital Product Passport (DPP). These passports provide product information digitally, moving beyond physical labels to enable real-time updates and greater data accessibility. Commissioned by Amazon, Oxera’s report explores… Read More
Water UK commissioned Oxera to support its response to the Call for Evidence by the Independent Water Commission (‘the Commission’). This report—which expands on the findings of our previous study for Water UK (‘Investability in PR24’)—studies the investability challenge faced by the England and Wales water sector. The report explores… Read More
Water UK commissioned Oxera to support its response to the Call for Evidence by the Independent Water Commission (‘the Commission’). In this report, we focus on two interrelated areas: issues with the current performance framework, and how these could be addressed as part of a broader package of regulatory reform;… Read More
Interoperability plays an important role in the digital economy and can be a key driver of innovation, competition, choice and economic growth. Hardware interoperability, in particular, enables users to seamlessly connect devices from various providers, creating benefits for consumers. However, effective interoperability can be hindered by certain barriers, and is… Read More
Climate change is driving extreme weather events, with a marked 83% increase in recorded climate disasters between 1980–1999 and 2000–2019. These events disproportionately impact vulnerable regions and socio-economic groups across the world, compounding existing challenges for those already disadvantaged. The impacts of climate-related extreme weather events span a complex array… Read More
Oxera welcomes the European Commission’s initiative to provide formal guidelines in the area of exclusionary abuse under Article 102. We agree with the stated objectives to enhance legal predictability and to provide a workable effects-based approach to enforcement. In our response, we highlight a number of areas where… Read More
Regional airports in the EU play a crucial role in connectivity, serving 724 destinations and offering 14,600 routes within the EU (as of 2017). Under current state aid rules, these airports can receive operating aid if they handle fewer than 3 million passengers per year, a provision extended to 4… Read More
A well-functioning equity market is expected to offer liquidity, efficient price formation, low trading costs, innovation, and resilient infrastructure for end-investors. Since the introduction of MiFID I in 2007, concerns have been raised about the fragmentation of liquidity across multiple venues, and this has been central to much of the… Read More
This report considers the investability of the water sector in England and Wales, in light of Ofwat’s recent PR24 Draft Determinations and the wider market for infrastructure investment. Oxera’s report has been informed by a detailed analysis of Ofwat’s proposals, as well as direct engagement with over 30 major investors… Read More
Oxera recently supported GO Malta in its engagement with the Malta Communications Authority (MCA)’s consultation on the regulation of wholesale access services for fixed broadband in Malta. The Maltese market features two main network operators—GO and Melita—with a third operator, Epic, recently entering the market. The MCA’s market review consultation… Read More
