The European Commission yesterday cleared Ryanair's arrangements at Charleroi Airport (Belgium), Hahn Airport (Germany), Alghero Airport (Italy) and Västerås Airport (Sweden) of any state aid. The European Commission's investigations covered the deals between Ryanair and these airports as far back as the late 1990s, with the investigation into Ryanair's arrangements at Charleroi Airport representing the first state aid investigation of any low-cost airline's operations. In the course of these investigations, Oxera has prepared several reports that have been submitted to the European Commission, which demonstrate that, based on sound economic and financial analysis, Ryanair's arrangements at these airports are in line with state aid rules.