Compensating losses in financial services: who should pay?
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The role of regulation in spurring innovation and growth in the EU and the UK
Since the 2008 financial crisis, both the EU and the UK have experienced sustained periods of low growth and weak productivity. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these trends, and their share of global GDP has continued to decline, especially relative to the US and emerging economies. This has provoked scrutiny… Read More

Reasserting the UK’s FRAND framework: implications of the Court of Appeal’s decision in Optis v Apple
Nearly a decade after establishing the UK’s FRAND framework in Unwired Planet v Huawei (2017), Lord Justice Birss returned in Optis v Apple (2025)—this time in the Court of Appeal—to steer the law back to his original approach.1 That means identifying the closest comparator(s), adjusting the… Read More